Management of panfacial fracture using "top to bottom" approach

Panfacial Bone Fracture and Medial to Lateral Approach

Panfacial bone fracture is challenging. Even experienced surgeons find restoration of original facial architecture difficult because of the severe degree of fragmentation and loss of reference segments that could guide the start of facial reconstruction. To restore the facial contour, surgeons usually follow a general sequence for panfacial bone reduction. Among the sequences, the bottom-to-top...

Salient Points to Observe in Panfacial Fracture Management

Treatment of facial trauma, damage to the dentition and anatomic structures subsequent to maxillofacial injury is an issue of paramount importance in traumatology. Because in this field, unlike other parts of the body, not only does the surgeon have to deal with the management of the facial fractures, but must also restore the facial functions and features such as visual function (i.e. diplopia...

salient points to observe in panfacial fracture management

An integrated top-down/bottom-up approach to speaker diarization

Most speaker diarization systems fit into one of two categories: bottom-up or top-down. Bottom-up systems are the most popular but can sometimes suffer from instability from merging and stopping criteria difficulties. Top-down systems deliver competitive results but are particularly prone to poor model initialization which often leads to large variations in performance. This paper presents a ne...

Perceptual learning: Top to bottom

Perceptual learning has traditionally been portrayed as a bottom-up phenomenon that improves encoding or decoding of the trained stimulus. Cognitive skills such as attention and memory are thought to drive, guide and modulate learning but are, with notable exceptions, not generally considered to undergo changes themselves as a result of training with simple perceptual tasks. Moreover, shifts in...